Java MongoDB Query a Document to Database

In this tutorial one Of the four basic database operations (i.e. CRUD), read operation are those that retrieve records or documents from a collection in MongoDB. For general information about read operations and the factors that affect their performance, see Read Operations; for documentation of the other CRUD operations.

You can retrieve documents from MongoDB using either of the following methods:

find
findOne

Find

The find() method is the primary method to select documents from a collection. The find() method returns a cursor that contains a number of documents. Most drivers provide application developers with a native iterable interface for handling cursors and accessing documents. The find() method has the following syntax:

db.collection.find( <query>, <projection> )

Corresponding Operation in SQL

The find() method is analogous to the SELECT statement, while:

the <query> argument corresponds to the WHERE statement, and
the <projection> argument corresponds to the list of fields to select from the result set.

Find One

The findOne() method selects and returns a single document from a collection and returns that document. findOne() does not return a cursor.

The findOne() method has the following syntax:

db.collection.findOne( <query>, <projection> )

Except for the return value, findOne() method is quite similar to the find() method; in fact, internally, the findOne() method is the find() method with a limit of 1.

Cursor

The find() method returns a cursor to the results; however, in the mongo shell, if the returned cursor is not assigned to a variable, then the cursor is automatically iterated up to 20 times to print up to the first 20 documents that match the query, as in the following example:

db.bios.find( { _id: 1 } );

Click here to know more about the Read Data and its options.

In Java MongoDB API, you can use collection.find() to get / query document from collection. Here is few common use cases :

For this example we have insert some document into the mongoDB “dineshonjavaDB“
as follows inserting 10 documents to the “employee” collection on mongoDB.

for (int i=10001; i <= 10010; i++) {
 collection.insert(new BasicDBObject().append("empId", i));
}

1. Fetch first record.

DBObject doc = collection.findOne(); //get first document
System.out.println(dbObject);

2. Get the set of document.

DBCursor cursor = collection.find();
while(cursor.hasNext()) {
    System.out.println(cursor.next());
}

3. fetch documents where empId = 8.

BasicDBObject query = new BasicDBObject();
query.put("empId", 10008);
DBCursor cursor = collection.find(query);
while(cursor.hasNext()) {
    System.out.println(cursor.next());
}

4. fetch documents where number = 10009 and 10010, use “$in” operator.

BasicDBObject query = new BasicDBObject();
List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<Integer>();
list.add(10009);
list.add(10010);
query.put("empId", new BasicDBObject("$in", list));
DBCursor cursor = collection.find(query);
while(cursor.hasNext()) {
   System.out.println(cursor.next());
}

5. fetch documents where empId > 10003, use “$gt” operator.

BasicDBObject query = new BasicDBObject();
query.put("empId", new BasicDBObject("$gt", 10003));
DBCursor cursor = collection.find(query);
while(cursor.hasNext()) {
 System.out.println(cursor.next());
}

6. fetch documents where 10002 < number < 10005, combine two operators, “$gt” and “$lt”.

BasicDBObject query = new BasicDBObject();
query.put("empId", new BasicDBObject("$gt", 10002).append("$lt", 10005));
DBCursor cursor = collection.find(query);
while(cursor.hasNext()) {
 System.out.println(cursor.next());
}

7. fetch documents where number != 10001, use “$ne” operator.

BasicDBObject query = new BasicDBObject();
query.put("empId", new BasicDBObject("$ne", 10001));
DBCursor cursor = collection.find(query);
while(cursor.hasNext()) {
  System.out.println(cursor.next());
}

Now lets see the full example and run this ..

package com.dineshonjava.mongo.test;

import java.net.UnknownHostException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import com.mongodb.BasicDBObject;
import com.mongodb.DB;
import com.mongodb.DBCollection;
import com.mongodb.DBCursor;
import com.mongodb.DBObject;
import com.mongodb.Mongo;
import com.mongodb.MongoException;

/**
 * @author Dinesh Rajput
 *
 */
public class ReadDocumentDemo {

 public static void main(String[] args) {
 
 try {
 
  Mongo mongo = new Mongo("localhost", 27017);
  DB db = mongo.getDB("dineshonjavaDB");
 
  // get a single collection
  DBCollection collection = db.getCollection("employeesCollection");

  // insert empId 10001 to 10010 for testing
  for (int i = 10001; i <= 10010; i++) {
   collection.insert(new BasicDBObject().append("empId", i));
  }

  // get first document
  DBObject dbObject = collection.findOne();
  System.out.println(dbObject);
  System.out.println("*****************First Test*****************");
  // get all available documents
  DBCursor cursor = collection.find();
  while (cursor.hasNext()) {
   System.out.println(cursor.next());
  }
  System.out.println("*****************Second Test*****************");
  // get document, where empId = 10003
  BasicDBObject query = new BasicDBObject();
  query.put("empId", 10003);
  DBCursor cursor2 = collection.find(query);
  while (cursor2.hasNext()) {
   System.out.println(cursor2.next());
  }
  System.out.println("*****************Third Test*****************");
  // get document, where empId = 10002 and empId = 10004
  BasicDBObject query2 = new BasicDBObject();
  List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<Integer>();
  list.add(10002);
  list.add(10004);
  query2.put("empId", new BasicDBObject("$in", list));
  DBCursor cursor3 = collection.find(query2);
  while (cursor3.hasNext()) {
   System.out.println(cursor3.next());
  }
  System.out.println("*****************Fourth Test*****************");
  // get document, where empId > 10006
  BasicDBObject query3 = new BasicDBObject();
  query3.put("empId", new BasicDBObject("$gt", 10006));
  DBCursor cursor4 = collection.find(query3);
  while (cursor4.hasNext()) {
   System.out.println(cursor4.next());
  }
  System.out.println("*****************Fifth Test*****************");
  // get document, where 10005 < empId < 10007
  BasicDBObject query4 = new BasicDBObject();
  query4.put("empId", new BasicDBObject("$gt", 10005).append("$lt", 10007));
  DBCursor cursor5 = collection.find(query4);
  while (cursor5.hasNext()) {
   System.out.println(cursor5.next());
  }
  System.out.println("*****************Sixth Test*****************");
  // get document, where empId != 10008
  BasicDBObject query5 = new BasicDBObject();
  query5.put("empId", new BasicDBObject("$ne", 10008));
  DBCursor cursor6 = collection.find(query5);
  while (cursor6.hasNext()) {
   System.out.println(cursor6.next());
  }

  System.out.println("Done");
 
  } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
   e.printStackTrace();
  } catch (MongoException e) {
   e.printStackTrace();
  }
 
 }

}

If every thing is fine then run as Java Application we will get the following output on the console.

output:
{ “_id” : { “$oid” : “5106c015c781b5829079a5da”} , “empId” : 10001}
*****************First Test*****************
{ “_id” : { “$oid” : “5106c015c781b5829079a5da”} , “empId” : 10001}
{ “_id” : { “$oid” : “5106c015c781b5829079a5db”} , “empId” : 10002}
{ “_id” : { “$oid” : “5106c015c781b5829079a5dc”} , “empId” : 10003}
{ “_id” : { “$oid” : “5106c015c781b5829079a5dd”} , “empId” : 10004}
{ “_id” : { “$oid” : “5106c015c781b5829079a5de”} , “empId” : 10005}
{ “_id” : { “$oid” : “5106c015c781b5829079a5df”} , “empId” : 10006}
{ “_id” : { “$oid” : “5106c015c781b5829079a5e0”} , “empId” : 10007}
{ “_id” : { “$oid” : “5106c015c781b5829079a5e1”} , “empId” : 10008}
{ “_id” : { “$oid” : “5106c015c781b5829079a5e2”} , “empId” : 10009}
{ “_id” : { “$oid” : “5106c015c781b5829079a5e3”} , “empId” : 10010}
*****************Second Test*****************
{ “_id” : { “$oid” : “5106c015c781b5829079a5dc”} , “empId” : 10003}
*****************Third Test*****************
{ “_id” : { “$oid” : “5106c015c781b5829079a5db”} , “empId” : 10002}
{ “_id” : { “$oid” : “5106c015c781b5829079a5dd”} , “empId” : 10004}
*****************Fourth Test*****************
{ “_id” : { “$oid” : “5106c015c781b5829079a5e0”} , “empId” : 10007}
{ “_id” : { “$oid” : “5106c015c781b5829079a5e1”} , “empId” : 10008}
{ “_id” : { “$oid” : “5106c015c781b5829079a5e2”} , “empId” : 10009}
{ “_id” : { “$oid” : “5106c015c781b5829079a5e3”} , “empId” : 10010}
*****************Fifth Test*****************
{ “_id” : { “$oid” : “5106c015c781b5829079a5df”} , “empId” : 10006}
*****************Sixth Test*****************
{ “_id” : { “$oid” : “5106c015c781b5829079a5da”} , “empId” : 10001}
{ “_id” : { “$oid” : “5106c015c781b5829079a5db”} , “empId” : 10002}
{ “_id” : { “$oid” : “5106c015c781b5829079a5dc”} , “empId” : 10003}
{ “_id” : { “$oid” : “5106c015c781b5829079a5dd”} , “empId” : 10004}
{ “_id” : { “$oid” : “5106c015c781b5829079a5de”} , “empId” : 10005}
{ “_id” : { “$oid” : “5106c015c781b5829079a5df”} , “empId” : 10006}
{ “_id” : { “$oid” : “5106c015c781b5829079a5e0”} , “empId” : 10007}
{ “_id” : { “$oid” : “5106c015c781b5829079a5e2”} , “empId” : 10009}
{ “_id” : { “$oid” : “5106c015c781b5829079a5e3”} , “empId” : 10010}
Done

Download Source Code + Libs
MongoDBQueryDemo.zip

Reference

MongoDB operator documentation

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Dinesh Rajput